Dexmedetomidine interactions

Risks from Concomitant Use with Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Acetaminophen and codeine label, Boxed warning)

Combining alcohol with sedating medicines (opioids, benzodiazepines, sleep medicines, muscle relaxants) can cause dangerous drowsiness, slowed breathing, and overdose. (NIAAA, Harmful Interactions: Mixing Alcohol with Medicines)

• Effects on Driving and Operating Machinery: Patients receiving • alprazolam XR should be cautioned against operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle, as well as avoiding concomitant use of alcohol and other central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs. (Alprazolam label, Warnings and precautions)

• Avoid concurrent use of alcohol or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants with azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate nasal spray because further decreased alertness and impairment of CNS performance may occur. (Azelastine and fluticasone label, Warnings and precautions)

…AND MISUSE; LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE; NEONATAL OPIOD WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; and RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH ALCOHOL, BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse Belladonna and opium suppositories expose patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to… (Belladonna and opium label, Boxed warning)

Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Buprenorphine label, Boxed warning)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Butalbital, acetaminophen, caffeine, and codeine label, Boxed warning)

Concomitant use of opioids or a barbiturate with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Butalbital, aspirin, caffeine, and codeine label, Boxed warning)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Butorphanol label, Boxed warning)

Avoid concurrent use of Carbinoxamine Maleate Extended-Release Oral Suspension with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants because additional impairment of central nervous system performance may occur. (Carbinoxamine label, Warnings and precautions)

Avoid concurrent use of QUZYTTIR with alcohol or other CNS depressants because additional reduction in alertness and additional impairment of CNS performance may occur. (Cetirizine label, Warnings and precautions)

Table 8: Drugs That are Affected by and Affecting Ciprofloxacin Drugs That are Affected by Ciprofloxacin Drug(s) Recommendation Comments Tizanidine Contraindicated Concomitant administration of tizanidine and ciprofloxacin is contraindicated due to the potentiation of hypotensive and sedative effects of tizanidine [see Contraindications ( 4.2 )]. (Ciprofloxacin label, Drug interactions)

Avoid use with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants ( 5.3 ) (Clonidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Codeine label, Boxed warning)

Based on its structural similarity to TCAs, concomitant use of TONMYA with: MAO inhibitors may be life-threatening [see Contraindications (4) ] , Alcohol, barbiturates, and other CNS depressants may increase the risk of adverse reactions associated with these drugs, Tramadol may increase the seizure risk, Guanethidine or other similar acting drugs may block the… (Cyclobenzaprine label, Drug interactions)

…elbasvir/grazoprevir Lipid modifying agents: lomitapide, lovastatin, simvastatin Opioid Antagonist: naloxegol PDE-5 inhibitor: sildenafil when used for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension Sedatives/hypnotics: orally administered midazolam, triazolam Co-administration of PREZISTA/ritonavir is contraindicated with drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance… (Darunavir label, Contraindications)

…elbasvir/grazoprevir Lipid modifying agents: lomitapide, lovastatin, simvastatin Opioid Antagonist: naloxegol PDE-5 inhibitor: sildenafil when used for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension Sedatives/hypnotics: orally administered midazolam, triazolam PREZCOBIX or PREZCOBIX PED is contraindicated in patients receiving certain co-administered drugs for which altered plasma… (Darunavir and cobicistat label, Contraindications)

CONTRAINDICATIONS Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate is contraindicated in: • Pediatric patients less than 6 years of age due to the risks of respiratory and central nervous system (CNS) depression (see WARNINGS ). (Diphenoxylate and atropine label, Contraindications)

…Lipid-modifying Agents: lomitapide, lovastatin, simvastatin Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitor: sildenafil when administered as REVATIO ® for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension Sedative/hypnotics: triazolam, orally administered midazolam Coadministration of GENVOYA is contraindicated with drugs that: Are highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance and for which… (Elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir label, Contraindications)

The use of LUNESTA with other sedative-hypnotics at bedtime or the middle of the night is not recommended. (Eszopiclone label, Warnings and precautions)

• Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Fentanyl label, Boxed warning)

…Hypericum perforatum ) Lipid modifying agents: Lomitapide, lovastatin, simvastatin Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: Delavirdine PDE5 inhibitor: Sildenafil (Revatio) (for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension) Sedative/hypnotics: Midazolam, triazolam Hypersensitivity to fosamprenavir calcium or amprenavir (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome). (Fosamprenavir label, Contraindications)

• Hyaluronidase should not be used to enhance the absorption and dispersion of dopamine and/or alpha agonist drugs ( 7.2 ) (Hyaluronidase label, Drug interactions)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Hydrocodone label, Boxed warning)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Hydrocodone and acetaminophen label, Boxed warning)

…ABUSE, AND MISUSE; LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTAL INGESTION; MEDICATION ERRORS; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 INTERACTION; CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS; INTERACTION WITH ALCOHOL; NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME WARNING: ADDICTION, ABUSE, AND MISUSE; LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTAL INGESTION;… (Hydrocodone and chlorpheniramine label, Boxed warning)

…ABUSE, AND MISUSE; LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTAL INGESTION; MEDICATION ERRORS; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 INTERACTION; CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS; INTERACTION WITH ALCOHOL; NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse Hydrocodone bitartrate and homatropine methylbromide exposes patients and… (Hydrocodone and homatropine label, Boxed warning)

…LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTAL INGESTION; NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; CYTOCHROME P4503A4 INTERACTION; RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS; and SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL EVENTS WARNING: SERIOUS AND LIFE-THREATENING RISKS FROM USE OF HYDROCODONE BITARTRATE AND IBUPROFEN TABLETS Addiction,… (Hydrocodone and ibuprofen label, Boxed warning)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death . (Hydromorphone label, Boxed warning)

Rarely, cardiac arrests and death have been reported in association with the combined use of hydroxyzine hydrochloride intramuscularly and other CNS depressants. (Hydroxyzine label, Precautions)

Benzodiazepines, Opioid Analgesics, or other CNS Depressants : Concomitant use may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, or death. (Ketamine label, Drug interactions)

This may potentiate and prolong hypnotic and sedative effects, especially with repeated dosing or chronic administration of these agents. (Ketoconazole label, Contraindications)

Avoid concurrent use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants with XYZAL. (Levocetirizine label, Warnings and precautions)

Risks from Concomitant Use with Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Levorphanol label, Boxed warning)

…Non-opioid Analgesic (selective blocker of Nav1.8 sodium channels): suzetrigine PDE5 Inhibitor: sildenafil (Revatio ® ) when used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension Sedative/Hypnotics: triazolam, orally administered midazolam KALETRA is contraindicated with drugs that are potent CYP3A inducers where significantly reduced lopinavir plasma concentrations… (Lopinavir and ritonavir label, Contraindications)

Caution patients receiving LOREEV XR against operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle as well to avoid the concomitant use of alcohol and other CNS depressant drugs during treatment ( 5.4 , 7 ) (Lorazepam label, Warnings and precautions)

Risks from Concomitant Use with Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Meperidine label, Boxed warning)

If concomitant use with another CNS depressant is warranted, closely monitor for signs of respiratory depression and sedation, particularly during treatment initiation and dosage increases. (Metaxalone label, Warnings and precautions)

Managing Risks from Concomitant Use with Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, is a risk factor for respiratory depression and death [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. (Methadone label, Boxed warning)

WARNING: PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT FOR MONITORING AND RESUSCITATION AND RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH OPIOID ANALGESICS AND OTHER SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS Personnel and Equipment for Monitoring and Resuscitation Only personnel trained in the administration of procedural sedation, and not involved in the conduct of the diagnostic or therapeutic procedure, should administer… (Midazolam label, Boxed warning)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Morphine label, Boxed warning)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Nalbuphine label, Boxed warning)

Risk of Recurrent Respiratory and CNS Depression : A recurrence of respiratory depression is possible, therefore, keep the patient under continued surveillance and administer repeat doses of ZURNAI using a new auto-injector with each dose while awaiting emergency medical assistance. (Nalmefene label, Warnings and precautions)

…(selective blocker of Na v 1.8 sodium channels): suzetrigine • Opioid antagonists: naloxegol • PDE5 inhibitor: sildenafil (Revatio ® ) when used for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) • Sedative/hypnotics: triazolam, oral midazolam • Serotonin receptor 1A agonist/serotonin receptor 2A antagonist: flibanserin • Vasopressin receptor antagonists: tolvaptan ➢ Drugs that… (Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir label, Contraindications)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Oliceridine label, Boxed warning)

• Avoid concurrent use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants with olopatadine hydrochloride nasal solution (nasal spray) ( 5.2 ). (Olopatadine label, Warnings and precautions)

• Avoid concurrent use of alcohol or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants with RYALTRIS because additional reductions in alertness and additional impairment of CNS performance may occur. (Olopatadine and mometasone label, Warnings and precautions)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Oxycodone label, Boxed warning)

…LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTAL INGESTION; NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 INTERACTION; and RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse Oxycodone hydrochloride tablets exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to… (Oxycodone and acetaminophen label, Boxed warning)

Risks From Concomitant Use with Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Oxymorphone label, Boxed warning)

…MITIGATION STRATEGY (REMS); LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTAL INGESTION; NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; and RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse Pentazocine and Naloxone Tablets exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to… (Pentazocine and naloxone label, Boxed warning)

Phenelzine sulfate should not be used in combination with dextromethorphan or with CNS depressants such as alcohol and certain narcotics. (Phenelzine label, Contraindications)

…PROMETHAZINE AND RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN; MEDICATION ERRORS; INTERACTIONS WITH DRUGS AFFECTING CYTOCHROME P450 ISOENZYMES; CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS; NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse Promethazine HCl and Codeine Phosphate Oral Solution exposes patients and other users to the risks… (Promethazine and codeine label, Boxed warning)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Remifentanil label, Boxed warning)

WARNING: DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS LEADING TO POTENTIALLY SERIOUS AND/OR LIFE THREATENING REACTIONS Co-administration of NORVIR with several classes of drugs including sedative hypnotics, antiarrhythmics, or ergot alkaloid preparations may result in potentially serious and/or life-threatening adverse events due to possible effects of NORVIR on the hepatic metabolism… (Ritonavir label, Boxed warning)

Abuse or misuse of illicit GHB, either alone or in combination with other CNS depressants, is associated with CNS adverse reactions, including seizure, respiratory depression, decreases in the level of consciousness, coma, and death [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. (Sodium oxybate label, Boxed warning)

Risks From Concomitant Use With Benzodiazepines Or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Tapentadol label, Boxed warning)

Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Tramadol label, Boxed warning)

Risks from Concomitant Use with Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. (Tramadol and acetaminophen label, Boxed warning)

• Effects on Driving and Operating Heavy Machinery : Patients receiving triazolam should be cautioned against driving or operating heavy machinery, as well as avoiding concomitant use with alcohol and other CNS depressant drugs. (Triazolam label, Warnings and precautions)

The use of zaleplon with other sedative-hypnotics at bedtime or the middle of the night is not recommended (see ). (Zaleplon label, Warnings)

The use of Zolpidem Tartrate with other sedative-hypnotics (including other zolpidem products) at bedtime or the middle of the night is not recommended. (Zolpidem label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Inform patients also that the central nervous system depressant effects of allopurinol tablets may be additive to those of alcohol and other CNS depressants. (Allopurinol label, Warnings and precautions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

25% increase Diazepam Benzodiazepines increase CNS concentrations of adenosine, a potent CNS depressant, while theophylline blocks adenosine receptors. (Aminophylline label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Patients should also be cautioned that the central nervous system depressant effects of intrathecal baclofen may be additive to those of alcohol and other CNS depressants. (Baclofen label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Sedatives/Hypnotics: midazolam (oral) triazolam ↑ midazolam (oral) ↑ triazolam Use caution when midazolam or triazolam is concomitantly administered with BIXLENVO. (Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide label, Drug interactions)

Use with CNS depressants may result in an additive or potentiating effect. (Brimonidine label, Drug interactions)

Use with CNS depressants may result in an additive or potentiating effect. (Brimonidine and timolol label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Possible early warning signs of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity are restlessness, anxiety, incoherent speech, lightheadedness, numbness and tingling of the mouth and lips, metallic taste, tinnitus, dizziness, blurred vision, tremors, twitching, CNS depression, or drowsiness. (Bupivacaine label, Warnings and precautions)

Possible early warning signs of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity are restlessness, anxiety, incoherent speech, lightheadedness, numbness and tingling of the mouth and lips, metallic taste, tinnitus, dizziness, blurred vision, tremors, twitching, CNS depression, or drowsiness. (Bupivacaine and epinephrine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Triazolam/flurazepam: Coadministration of buspirone with either triazolam or flurazepam did not appear to prolong or intensify the sedative effects of either benzodiazepine. (Buspirone label, Drug interactions)

Butalbital and acetaminophen may enhance the effects of:other narcotic analgesics, alcohol, general anesthetics, tranquilizers such as chlordiazepoxide, sedative-hypnotics, or other CNS depressants, causing increased CNS depression. (Butalbital and acetaminophen label, Drug interactions)

Butalbital, acetaminophen and caffeine may enhance the effects of: other narcotic analgesics, alcohol, general anesthetics, tranquilizers such as chlordiazepoxide, sedative-hypnotics, or other CNS depressants, causing increased CNS depression. (Butalbital, acetaminophen, and caffeine label, Drug interactions)

Other narcotic analgesics, alcohol, general anesthetics, tranquilizers such as chlordiazepoxide, sedative-hypnotics, or other CNS depressants, causing increased CNS depression. (Butalbital, aspirin, and caffeine label, Drug interactions)

Other CNS depressants, including alcohol, could potentiate the somnolence and sedation effect of EPIDIOLEX. (Cannabidiol (prescription) label, Warnings and precautions)

• Additive sedative effects when used with other CNS depressants including alcohol (5.1) (Carisoprodol label, Warnings and precautions)

Concomitant use with other CNS depressants or alcohol may have additive effects. (Cenobamate label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Chlorzoxazone use should also be discontinued if a patient develops abnormal liver enzymes (e.g., AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin.) The concomitant use of alcohol or other central nervous system depressants may have an additive effect. (Chlorzoxazone label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Alcohol or other sedating drugs: May have additive sedation and somnolence ( 7.5 ) (Deutetrabenazine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Following the administration of droperidol, the dose of other CNS depressant drugs should be reduced. (Droperidol label, Drug interactions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Exacerbated by other CNS depressants, and in settings where flibanserin concentrations are increased. (Flibanserin label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

When the decision is made to co-prescribe NEURONTIN with another CNS depressant, particularly an opioid, or to prescribe NEURONTIN to patients with underlying respiratory impairment, monitor patients for symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation, and consider initiating NEURONTIN at a low dose. (Gabapentin label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Possible early warning signs of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity are restlessness, anxiety, incoherent speech, lightheadedness, metallic taste, tinnitus, dizziness, blurred vision, tremors, twitching, CNS depression, or drowsiness. (Lidocaine and epinephrine label, Warnings and precautions)

Increased Risk of CNS Depression with Concomitant use of CNS Depressant Drugs : Lofexidine tablets potentiates the CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepines and may potentiate the CNS depressant effects of alcohol, barbiturates, and other sedating drugs. (Lofexidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Additive Effects Since the effects of meprobamate and alcohol or meprobamate and other CNS depressants or psychotropic drugs may be additive,appropriate caution should be exercised with patients who take more than one of these agents simultaneously. (Meprobamate label, Warnings)

Patients receiving ATMEKSI (methocarbamol) Oral Suspension should be cautioned about combined effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants [ see Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. (Methocarbamol label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Concurrent use of metyrosine with alcohol or other CNS depressants can increase their sedative effects. (Metyrosine label, Drug interactions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Risk of Recurrent Respiratory and CNS Depression : Due to the duration of action of naloxone relative to the opioid, respiratory and CNS depression may recur after the first dose of naloxone. (Naloxone label, Warnings and precautions)

…malformation, central nervous system tumor or infection, or metabolic disorders (e.g., hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, severe hepatic impairment, and hypoxia) excessive use of alcohol or sedatives, addiction to cocaine or stimulants, or withdrawal from sedatives patients with diabetes treated with insulin and/or oral diabetic medications (sulfonylureas and meglitinides)… (Naltrexone and bupropion label, Warnings and precautions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Patients should be carefully observed for signs of central nervous system (CNS) depression, such as somnolence and sedation, when FYCOMPA is used with other drugs with sedative properties because of potential additive effects. (Perampanel label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Concomitant Use with Midazolam : Noxafil can prolong hypnotic/sedative effects. (Posaconazole label, Warnings and precautions)

When the decision is made to co-prescribe LYRICA CR with another CNS depressant, particularly an opioid, or to prescribe LYRICA CR to patients with underlying respiratory impairment, monitor patients for symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation, and consider initiating LYRICA CR at a low dose. (Pregabalin label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Anesthetics, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Opioids: Enhancement of pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Alcohol or Other Sedating Drugs Concomitant use of alcohol or other sedating drugs may have additive effects and worsen sedation and somnolence [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . (Tetrabenazine label, Drug interactions)

25% increase Diazepam Benzodiazepines increase CNS concentrations of adenosine, a potent CNS depressant, while theophylline blocks adenosine receptors. (Theophylline label, Drug interactions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Sedation: Zanaflex may interfere with everyday activities; sedative effects of Zanaflex, alcohol, and other central nervous system (CNS) depressants are additive ( 5.3 , 7.4 ) (Tizanidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Because of the potential of topiramate to cause CNS depression, as well as other cognitive and/or neuropsychiatric adverse reactions, topiramate extended-release capsules should be used with extreme caution if used in combination with alcohol and other CNS depressants. (Topiramate label, Drug interactions)

Excessive reduction of blood glucose (additive effect) f CNS depressant agents (including opioids, alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics) Use with caution d Increased CNS depression Dietary supplements containing sympathomimetics Contraindicated a Antidepressants including but not limited to: Other MAOIs (e.g., linezolid, intravenous methylene blue, selective MAOIs)… (Tranylcypromine label, Drug interactions)

Intervention: Patients should be counseled that RALDESY may enhance the response to alcohol, barbiturates, and other CNS depressants. (Trazodone label, Drug interactions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The recent use of other drugs that cause CNS depression or EPS symptoms may also increase the risk; consider reducing the dosage or discontinuing the drug. (Trimethobenzamide label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

The intravenous administration of anticholinergic agents (e.g., glycopyrrolate, atropine) should be considered to modify vagal tone. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

• Co-administration with Other Vasodilators or Negative Chronotropic Agents : Use with caution due to additive pharmacodynamic effects. (Dexmedetomidine label, Warnings and precautions)

Eszopiclone (CYP3A4 Inhibition) Not Studied In Vivo or In Vitro , but Drug Plasma Exposure Likely to be Increased which may Increase the Sedative Effect of Eszopiclone Dose reduction of eszopiclone is recommended. (Voriconazole label, Drug interactions)

Patients should be carefully observed for signs of central nervous system (CNS) depression, such as somnolence and sedation, when ZONISADE is used with other drugs with sedative properties because of potential additive effects. (Zonisamide label, Warnings and precautions)

Additional predisposing conditions include diabetes mellitus treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin, use of anorectic drugs, excessive use of alcohol, use of benzodiazepines, sedatives/hypnotics, or opiates. (Bupropion label, Warnings and precautions)

Antihistamines Amphetamines may counteract the sedative effect of antihistamines. (Dextroamphetamine label, Drug interactions)

In Drug-Induced CNS and Respiratory Depression Doxapram alone may not stimulate adequate spontaneous breathing or provide sufficient arousal in patients who are severely depressed either due to respiratory failure or to CNS depressant drugs, but may be used as an adjunct to established supportive measures and resuscitative techniques. (Doxapram label, Warnings)

The “gasping syndrome” is characterized by central nervous system (CNS) depression, metabolic acidosis, and gasping respirations. (Epoetin alfa label, Warnings and precautions)

Therefore, ambulatory patients should be warned about activities requiring alertness (e.g., operating vehicles or machinery) and about concomitant use of alcohol and other CNS depressants. (Loxapine label, Warnings)

Alpha-adrenergic agonists as a class may impact blood pressure. (Oxymetazoline label, Warnings and precautions)

…to date with the following: (1) cardiac glycosides– digitalis and digoxin; (2) hypoglycemics–insulin, chlorpropamide, phenformin, tolazamide, and tolbutamide; (3) tranquilizers and sedatives–chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and phenobarbital; (4) antigout–allopurinol, colchicine, and probenecid; (5) antiarrhythmics–procainamide, propranolol (see WARNINGS however),… (Prazosin label, Drug interactions)

Neuromuscular Blockers In one study of 10 healthy adult volunteers, administration of PRECEDEX for 45 minutes at a plasma concentration of one ng/mL resulted in no clinically meaningful increases in the magnitude of neuromuscular blockade associated with rocuronium administration. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Neuromuscular Blockers In one study of 10 healthy adult volunteers, administration of PRECEDEX for 45 minutes at a plasma concentration of one ng/mL resulted in no clinically meaningful increases in the magnitude of neuromuscular blockade associated with rocuronium administration. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Neuromuscular Blockers In one study of 10 healthy adult volunteers, administration of PRECEDEX for 45 minutes at a plasma concentration of one ng/mL resulted in no clinically meaningful increases in the magnitude of neuromuscular blockade associated with rocuronium administration. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Neuromuscular Blockers In one study of 10 healthy adult volunteers, administration of PRECEDEX for 45 minutes at a plasma concentration of one ng/mL resulted in no clinically meaningful increases in the magnitude of neuromuscular blockade associated with rocuronium administration. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Sedatives/Hypnotics: midazolam (oral) triazolam ↑ midazolam (oral) ↑ triazolam Use with caution when midazolam or triazolam is concomitantly administered with SUNLENCA 7.4 Drugs without Clinically Significant Interactions with SUNLENCA Based on drug interaction studies conducted with SUNLENCA, no clinically significant drug interactions have been observed with:… (Lenacapavir label, Drug interactions)

…adjustment is needed when SINGULAIR is co-administered with theophylline, prednisone, prednisolone, oral contraceptives, fexofenadine, digoxin, warfarin, gemfibrozil, itraconazole, thyroid hormones, sedative hypnotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, benzodiazepines, decongestants, and Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme inducers [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. (Montelukast label, Drug interactions)

Neuromuscular Blockers In one study of 10 healthy adult volunteers, administration of PRECEDEX for 45 minutes at a plasma concentration of one ng/mL resulted in no clinically meaningful increases in the magnitude of neuromuscular blockade associated with rocuronium administration. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Neuromuscular Blockers In one study of 10 healthy adult volunteers, administration of PRECEDEX for 45 minutes at a plasma concentration of one ng/mL resulted in no clinically meaningful increases in the magnitude of neuromuscular blockade associated with rocuronium administration. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Neuromuscular Blockers In one study of 10 healthy adult volunteers, administration of PRECEDEX for 45 minutes at a plasma concentration of one ng/mL resulted in no clinically meaningful increases in the magnitude of neuromuscular blockade associated with rocuronium administration. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)

Neuromuscular Blockers In one study of 10 healthy adult volunteers, administration of PRECEDEX for 45 minutes at a plasma concentration of one ng/mL resulted in no clinically meaningful increases in the magnitude of neuromuscular blockade associated with rocuronium administration. (Dexmedetomidine label, Drug interactions)